![[ Visit Client Website ]](images/banner.gif)
The International Civic and Citizenship Study (ICCS) of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) investigates how young people are prepared for their roles as citizens in a number of countries worldwide. The notions of civics and citizenship have different interpretations particular to a certain national context, and within a country they may have different meanings for students depending on their gender, ethnic, immigrant and/or socio-economic background.
The present study is a secondary quantitative analysis of data collected during ICCS 2009 survey from five countries: Sweden, Austria, Poland, Italy and Switzerland. The five countries were chosen on the basis of their different national context as well as migration history and current trends. The study aimed to bring out communalities and differences among civic and citizenship views of students with immigrant and non-immigrant background in selected countries. Variables reflecting social capital at student individual level, family and home background level, classroom and school level, and country level were selected from the International Student Questionnaire. Further, the principal component analysis was applied to single out the ‘clouds of individuals’ that would represent profiles of individual students. Mapping of student population groups around the principal components allowed to see certain trends emerging among different student population groups within a country as well as across countries at various levels.
The study results showed that on one hand, variations are present not only between native and immigrant students in a given country, but also within these groups, i.e. immigrant students themselves may differ in their civic experiences, attitudes and beliefs. On the other hand, similar components at various levels (e.g. support for ethnic and immigrant rights) were found for students with different immigration backgrounds coming from countries with different national context, in particular in terms of migration trends.