Artificial Intelligence: Challenges and Recommendations

Artificial Intelligence has already attracted the attention of scholars, and we witnessed the rapid rise of the literature, especially in the last decade, with a wide range of focus, including devising normative and conceptual perspectives, and developing recommendations and solutions for the problems and challenges AI poses for society. One of the problems is inequalities in employing the possible benefits of AI. Most AI applications are in the Americas and Europe (de-Lima-Santos, 2022). Like local/ small organizations are disadvantaged vis-a-vis large ones due to a lack of resources and the higher cost of AI for the smaller organizations (Broussard, 2019), publishers at Global South are disadvantaged due to difficult political and economic conditions and challenges (Simon and Isaza-Ibarra, 2023). Nevertheless, the literature is dominated by American, British, and European cases (Sun et al., 2020; Crepel et al., 2021; Vergeer, 2020).

To some extent, AI is covered as a relatively autonomous force (de Haan et al., 2022), as a lack of agency where there is an invisible hand or looming threat over which one has no control at issue (Helberger et al., 2022: 1613). Then, can AI be used to downgrade the responsibility and agency in an oppressive context? What are the implications of this research in a society where there are many problems critical dissidents and marginalized communities are encountering regarding justice and rational-legal authority for the issue of data justice (Adebe, 2019)? What is the meaning of industry/company versus public or right versus left (Kaylee Graves, 2024; Brennen et al., 2018) in this context?

The focus of this presentation is to summarize the debates, approaches, developments, and recommendations regarding AI and society and open a discussion on whether, how, and to what extent the political and socio-cultural context plays a role.