Difficulties, Dilemmas and Controversies in Empirical Work in Qualitative Methodology.
Scientific literature indicates a series of guidelines that must be respected in the techniques applied in qualitative methodology. Thus, for example, focus groups must be held in neutral spaces, they must last between 60 and 120 minutes, and their composition must range between 5 and 10 members. Similarly, semi-structured interviews are considered to last an ideal time of between 30 and 60 minutes. The objective of this work is to analyse possible deviations from the guidelines described and how to resolve them.
Methods
In 2021, a study was launched to analyse the determining factors of adolescents' eating behaviour. To this end, twelve secondary schools were selected in neighbourhoods in Madrid and Bilbao, with different socioeconomic levels (SES), two in each SES. 36 semi-structured interviews were carried out with key informants - school principals, adolescents and parents, and 24 focus groups with adolescents, parents and teachers.
Results
Research work in schools is extremely complex, due to the activities carried out there and the time they have for their work activities. This reality makes it difficult to comply with the premises that govern the application of qualitative techniques. Dilemmas arise, such as what to do if you only have 45 or 50 minutes to conduct a focus group? How to proceed if in a focus group of adolescents their teacher stays to observe its dynamics? What decision should we make if only 4 individuals attend a focus group?. What is the best position to adopt?
Conclusions
The guidelines that direct the application of techniques in qualitative methodology should be considered as far as possible, but a certain flexibility is required in specific settings or with certain groups, such as schools or students. Without such flexibility, it is very likely that the approaches in these settings and groups cannot be carried out.