The Role of Quotas in Advancing Women's Political Representation in Egypt

This paper examines the impact of gender quotas on women's political representation in Egypt, with a focus on both successes and ongoing challenges. Egypt introduced a quota system to increase women's participation in political bodies, most notably in its 2015 constitutional amendment, which mandated 25 percent of parliamentary seats for women. While these quotas have led to significant increases in women's representation, they have not eliminated the deeper structural barriers that limit women’s full political engagement and leadership. This paper will analyze the effectiveness of these quotas, compare Egypt's efforts with other MENA countries, and assess how gendered political culture, legal frameworks, and socio-economic conditions continue to shape political participation. The research draws on interviews, parliamentary records, and case studies, contributing to broader discussions on achieving gender equality in global politics, particularly in emerging democracies. The paper concludes by offering policy recommendations to enhance the sustainability of women's political gains in Egypt and beyond.