Addressing LGBTQ+ Bias in Forensic Evidence for Sexual Violence Cases

LGBTQ+ individuals face unique challenges within the criminal justice system, particularly in cases of sexual violence, where they are disproportionately vulnerable. Research indicates that gay men, for instance, are at a higher risk of sexual assault, often exacerbated by intentional or unintentional drug usage—especially with substances like GHB. Despite their increased exposure to such crimes, LGBTQ+ victims frequently encounter biased treatment, mishandling of evidence, and harmful stereotypes. This study explores the intersection of sexual violence against LGBTQ+ individuals and systemic biases within forensic procedures, with a particular focus on the role of Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in these cases. The core research question investigates how institutional biases (in documentation and monitoring) and normative biases (in detection and interpretation) lead to the underestimation and mishandling of sexual violence cases involving LGBTQ+ individuals within the European Union (EU). A key challenge for the EU lies in developing a cohesive security framework—through initiatives like the EU Security Union Strategy and the European Multidisciplinary Platform Against Criminal Threats—that accommodates the diverse legal and institutional contexts of its member states. To address this, the study integrates insights from across the EU, acknowledging the various legal, institutional, and socio-economic landscapes. The research employs a triangulation of methods, combining: a) a literature review, b) context analysis of policy reports, and c) interviews with key informants from research institutions, law enforcement, legal, security, and technology organizations, ensuring a wide range of perspectives across the EU. The study yields practical outcomes, including guidelines for forensic professionals, policy recommendations to incorporate gender diversity into forensic training, and systemic reforms aimed at reducing bias. These recommendations align with broader legislative debates surrounding LGBTQ+ rights and contribute to ongoing reforms that promote the recognition of gender diversity within legal and policy frameworks across the EU and beyond.