Women's Efforts to Withdraw from the Handicraft Hierarchy and Transform Crafting into Lifelong Learning Resources - Mom Art Activity in Kobe, Japan
- "Mom Art" as a Handicraft Work
The term "Mom Art" originated from an internet forum and refers to simple crafts made quickly with familiar materials. Popularised during Japan's second post-war handicraft boom (1976-1986), these crafts are distinct from complex techniques like embroidery. In 2005, the presenter began exploring regional resources in Kobe and discovered "Mom Art" during visits to local shops, small factories, and homes. Since 2009, annual "Mom Art Exhibitions" have been held, with participation from five artists under study.
- Research Question
Discussions about handicrafts in Japan often focus on topics such as the "public/private divide," the "norms of handicraft, often reflecting maternal care," and the "hierarchy in the handicraft world." However, the five artists freely engage in creative activities that contribute to lifelong learning, independent of these debates. This research aims to explore the relationship between the artists' lives and these discussions, and to investigate why they pursue such creative freedom.
- Research Methodology
From March to April 2022, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the five artists. Life graphs were created to visualise the relationship between their lives and creative activities. The vertical axis of the graph shows activities like caregiving and creation, while the horizontal axis marks age and significant life events.
- Results
As of 2024, the five artists, aged 69-84, experienced various life stages during significant societal changes in Japan. Factors contributing to their departure from the "public/private divide" include acquiring skills through schools or workplaces, enabling them to continue economic activities even after marriage or child-rearing. Additionally, they have withdrawn from the traditional "hierarchy in the handicraft world" by embracing their own styles and focusing on creativity over conformity. They evolved from individual creators to educators, promoting lifelong learning through "Mom Art," engaging with others and society on their own terms.