Impact of Fertiliser-Irrigation Technology and Climate Change Factors on the Yield of Winter Paddy in India's North-East: A Panel-ARDL, Causality Analysis

Agrarian economy of India's North-East registered varied growth of agrarian technology at regional level since 1950. The growth of technology in agriculture is expected to work as impetus to agricultural productivity and farmers’ welfare. The spatio-temporal variation in adoption of technological inputs and its impacts on yield of winter paddy has been examined in this paper by applying Panel ARDL approach to cointegration, Error Correction Model and Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test. The results reveal significant impact of technological factors like fertilizer, irrigation and climatic factors on the regional variation in yield growth, notwithstanding the fact that the whole region recorded sluggish growth of various agrarian technologies. The findings are in support of building agrarian infrastructure and facilitation for adoption and suitable technological transformation for sustainable agricultural progress.