Work Satisfaction Among Indian Cross-Border Workers in Nepal: A Comparative Study with Domestic Mobile Workers

Many nations have experienced a rise in international migration over the last few decades, and as a result, their population are now culturally diverse. Nepal is also not far behind; as Indian residents of the Indo-Nepal border region are migrating there in search of potential employment. This study has utilized primary data collected in Raxaul, which is the key exit point between India and Nepal. The sample size estimation has been done using coefficient of variation technique. The estimated sample is 400, including 200 cross-border mobile workers employed in Nepal and 200 Indian mobile workers (Domestic mobile workers). The principal component analysis (PCA) method has been applied to estimate the work environment and work satisfaction. Moreover, Fairlie decomposition technique has been utilized to estimate the percent contribution of work satisfaction by different factors. Compared to domestic mobile workers (13%), the households of cross-border mobile workers (22%), had "good" housing condition. Additionally, 76 percent of the families of cross-border workers use improved toilets facility than the 24 percent of families of domestic mobile workers. Therefore, the monthly per capita expenditure (MPCE) of cross-border workers' families is higher (2460 Rs) than that of cross-border workers' families (2001 Rs). Moreover, the study found cross-border workers have a more labor-conducive environment, greater per capita earning, and work satisfaction than domestic mobile workers. Age, living arrangement, and occupation positively contribute to work satisfaction in terms of differences among both type of workers. The India-Nepal border stands as a dynamic crossroads were transnational mobility coverages. Within this context, this study explores the unique economic opportunities available to residents of the Indo-Nepal border region, located within the cross-border enclave. In conclusion, this comprehensive study offers valuable insights into the complex dynamics of cross-border mobility along the India-Nepal border.