Water, Women, and Climate Change in Bangladesh: Insights from Feminist Political Ecology Perspective

Bangladesh faces profound challenges due to its vulnerability to climate change, particularly in the water sector. Climate-induced disasters frequently disrupt water availability, disproportionately affecting women who are traditionally responsible for household water management and water-dependent subsistence agricultural activities like homestead gardening and livestock rearing. In rural areas, where fixed water supply infrastructure is scarce, women rely on various natural water sources, making water collection a critical part of their daily responsibilities. Access to water resources varies across social classes in both urban and rural settings, adding layers of complexity to the issue.

This paper explores the lived experiences of Bangladeshi women dealing with water crises, offering insights into the vital role water plays in their lives amidst environmental challenges. Using a feminist political ecology framework, the study examines how women’s labor, knowledge, and social networks contribute to addressing water-related issues. The research employs qualitative methods, adopting case study approach in three climate vulnerable areas from three districts of Bangladesh—Khulna (cyclone-prone), Naogaon (drought-prone), and Cox's Bazar (urban hilly slope) where water became a major issue of concern for living community. Data collection methods includes non-participant observation, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, key informant interviews in the selected areas.

The findings reveal that women are disproportionately affected by climate change, as water scarcity increases their socioeconomic vulnerabilities, impacting food security, health, and overall livelihood. Despite their critical role in household and community water management, women’s efforts and indigenous knowledge are often under-appreciated in formal adaptation discourse. The study emphasizes that adaptation strategies can be more effective when linked with women’s traditional practices, such as rainwater harvesting, small-scale irrigation, and water-saving techniques. Highlighting the need for gender-responsive and transformative approaches, the research underscores that incorporating women's perspectives into climate adaptation strategies is essential for building climate-resilient communities with women at the forefront.