Livelihoods of Indian Adivasi Women in Andhra Pradesh - a Sociological Discourse

The livelihoods of Indian Adivasi women in Andhra Pradesh form a crucial part of their community's socio-economic and cultural fabric. These women are central to the sustenance of their families and communities, engaging in various economic activities such as agriculture, forest-based livelihoods, and wage labor. However, their socio-economic status remains precarious due to limited access to resources, education, healthcare, and social services. Adivasi women in Andhra Pradesh predominantly rely on subsistence agriculture, collecting forest products, and working as daily wage laborers. The encroachment of commercial interests into forest areas and the displacement due to developmental projects have significantly impacted their livelihoods. Land alienation, deforestation, and a decline in biodiversity have led to a reduction in the availability of resources traditionally accessible to these communities. Moreover, gender discrimination within both their communities and wider society further restricts their economic independence and decision-making power.

The influence of state policies and development programs, while intended to provide support, often fails to adequately address the specific needs of Adivasi women. These programs sometimes prioritize male-centric development models, marginalizing women and limiting their participation. However, women’s self-help groups (SHGs) and grassroots organizations are emerging as important platforms for economic empowerment.

In this study by using the descriptive research design 600 sample respondents were randomly selected by adopting systematic random sampling method. Primary and secondary data were collected. An attempt is made to examine the complex interplay between the traditional and contemporary livelihoods of Adivasi women, focusing on the challenges and opportunities they face through an Interview Schedule. The data was analyzed and interpreted with the help of graphs, tables and diagrams. Appropriate statistical tests were used. The study highlights the need for a more inclusive approach to development policies that recognizes the cultural, economic, and social contributions of Adivasi women.