Radicalization in Lebanon: Unravelling the Interplay of Social Identity, Ideology and Trauma
The findings reveal that religious and political ideologies played a crucial role in shaping the interviewees' identities and justifying their participation in violence. Radical interpretations of religious texts and sectarianism were central, with individuals perceiving their violent actions as part of a broader defence of their sect or religious group. Political contexts, such as the Syrian conflict and local political tensions, further amplified these identities, embedding the notion of violence as a necessary response to perceived injustices.
Collective trauma also emerged as a significant theme, with many interviewees recounting their exposure to violence and loss from a young age. This trauma, experienced both personally and communally, normalized political violence and fuelled feelings of revenge. Many former prisoners cited specific traumatic events as pivotal moments in their radicalization. The long-term psychological effects of these experiences manifested as post-traumatic stress, marked by hypervigilance, emotional detachment, and avoidance behaviours.
Furthermore, social networks and peer pressure were critical in the radicalization process. Family, friends, and community leaders influenced individuals to adopt violent ideologies, often through exclusionary social environments that left little room for dissenting views.
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the interplay between social identity, ideology, and collective trauma is central to understanding the radicalization and engagement in political violence. Addressing these factors, particularly the impact of trauma, is crucial in efforts to deradicalize and reintegrate former combatants and prevent radicalization of youth.