Reflections on Femininity, Power, and Self Among Socially Active Young Women in Poland

Femininity and masculinity are constructs, and the rigidity of these concepts varies depending on geographic location, age, cultural and religious traditions, among other factors. Norms of gender and sexuality are becoming more fluid, as is most evident among Gen Z, whose support for and identification with the LGBTQI+ community (as shown in global surveys by IPSOS and UNICEF) serves as an example. In Poland, the concept of femininity, though slowly evolving, is rooted in religion and tradition. Although progress in gender equality has been made, Poland ranks below the EU average (18th place, according to the European Institute for Gender Equality) and slightly above the global average (World Economic Forum). Poland scores lowest in the domain of power (social and political decision-making). A recent report by CEDAW states that Poland's restrictive abortion laws represent a severe human rights violation. However, within this cultural and political context, there are many initiatives supporting women, including their empowerment and self-development, as well as a growing number of socially active young women. Their activism requires confidence, agency, independence, and determination—qualities that do not conform to traditional views of femininity. In a series of interviews and focus groups, the author, together with the respondents, explores the concepts of femininity, power, and self- perception. The analysis examines how the respondents’ views of self and definitions of femininity challenge or reinforce traditional perceptions of women and "the feminine" in Poland. The global context is also considered, including changing gender norms among Gen Z and the current tension between traditional and secular-rational values. This study offers a glimpse into the inner worlds of young Polish women as they navigate a shifting cultural landscape and redefine femininity to reflect their own experiences.