Understanding the Mismatch between Older People's Use of Blue and Green Spaces and Planned Parks: A Case Study of Fukuoka, Japan

The vital role of urban blue and green spaces in promoting the health and well-being of older adults is especially pronounced in Asian countries like Japan, which are navigating the challenges of an increasingly aging population. However, there is a notable scarcity of comparative analytical research assessing whether planned parks align with their actual use by older adults, as well as how older men and women of varying ages engage with these environments. In this study, we used mobile phone tracking data to examine the usage patterns of four subgroups within the elderly population of Fukuoka City, Japan: men in the early stage of the elderly (65-70), women in the early stage of the elderly, men in the later stage of the elderly (over 70), and women in the late stage of the elderly. Differences were found between these four groups by comparing their participation in blue and green spaces activities in terms of number of stops, length of stay, speed of movement and other relevant characteristics. The study identified specific areas and types of parks that serve as popular gathering spots for seniors. It then analyzed the mismatch between the parks planned (including riverfront parks) and their actual usage by the elderly, focusing on both location and the intensity of activity. The insights from our research aim to inform and improve future urban planning and design of blue and green spaces, ensuring they are more accessible and beneficial to the older population, thereby mitigating the negative impacts of gentrification.