Intersection between Reproductive Health and Childhood Vaccination in Guinea-Bissau and São Tomé and Príncipe: A Comparison Based on a Mixed Methodological Approach
Integrated vaccination campaigns have increased immunization rates in Guinea-Bissau and São Tomé and Príncipe, which nevertheless remain suboptimal due to many factors, including structural barriers, such as geographical distance from health centers, barriers related to cultural and religious beliefs, and gender inequalities. Moreover, both countries face high maternal mortality rates and limited access to reproductive health services.
Through a mixed methodological approach that included a population-based survey on beliefs and attitudes towards childhood vaccination in Guinea-Bissau (n=414) and São Tomé and Príncipe (n=431) and focus groups (FG) with different local actors involved in immunization, including caregivers, health workers, midwives, maternal and child health workers, community-based organizations involved in health and gender, faith-based organizations involved in health, community leaders, and local community health workers (10 FGs with 100 participants in total in Guinea-Bissau and 7 FGs with 54 participants in São Tomé and Príncipe), this study served to present a comprehensive picture of the individual, social, cultural, institutional, and structural factors influencing access to maternal and child health care in the two countries.
The mixed methodological approach offered valuable insights into the intersection of reproductive health and childhood vaccination in Guinea-Bissau and São Tomé and Príncipe. By integrating quantitative data with qualitative perspectives, recommendations for more effective and culturally appropriate interventions could be identified. The comparative approach contributed to a more comprehensive evidence base, enabling the identification of effective strategies, while opening the opportunity to foster collaboration, and ultimately contributing to better health outcomes in both countries.
Addressing the interconnected challenges of reproductive health and childhood vaccination is essential for improving overall health outcomes and achieving sustainable development.