Mid-Level Civil Society Agents and the Constitution of New Right-Wing Hegemony in Israel

The emergence of new political hegemonies has long been a focal point in political sociology, particularly in contexts marked by democratic erosion and increasing political instability. This paper examines the role of mid-level political actors from civil society in shaping new right-wing hegemonic power in Israel. These actors maintain connections with government entities and advocate for interests, values, and sentiments that align with those in power. Simultaneously, they retain a degree of autonomy, allowing them to develop their own agendas and explore areas often overlooked by central authorities.

Our analysis centers on two case studies: The National Histadrut, an expanding right-wing labor organization, and Hashomer Hachadash (The New Guard), one of the largest civil society groups in Israel, socially rooted in the secular left. Through ongoing ethnographic research, we illustrate how these organizations attract new right-wing supporters while moderating their leftist image. The National Histadrut navigates the dominant neoliberal and laissez-faire ideologies within the right, rendering itself more inclusive and broadly accepted. Conversely, Hashomer Hachadash blends traditional secular Zionism with nationalistic and Jewish religious elements, appealing to right-wing audiences.

This analysis highlights the vital role of mid-level social entrepreneurs in sustaining hegemonic projects over time. These actors possess ideological adaptability to rally support from diverse groups, interests, and subcultures under a unified political narrative, thereby paving the way for a new hegemonic order.