Conspiracy Theories and Disinformation about COVID-19: A Sociological Analysis in Andalusia
The data for this research were obtained through a survey administered to a sample of 1,550 individuals, representative of the Andalusian population aged 15 and older. The dependent variable selected was one of the main conspiracy theories regarding the origin of the pandemic: "The coronavirus (COVID-19) is a biological weapon created by scientists." Subsequently, in order to identify the impact of various sociodemographic variables on the degree of agreement with this statement, significance tests were conducted.
The results indicate a high level of significance in variables such as gender, with women showing a greater degree of agreement with the statement; age, where younger individuals are less likely to believe in these theories; educational level, with those possessing higher levels of education more likely to reject these narratives; and political ideology, where those leaning further to the right exhibit a stronger belief. Significant differences were also observed in media consumption: television and radio consumers show more agreement, whereas digital newspaper readers tend to be more skeptical.
In general, the results suggest the magnitude of the existing social problem, given the large number of Andalusians who share these beliefs. This study, therefore, provides valuable insight into the prevalence of conspiracy theories in Andalusia, highlighting the importance of continued research on how sociodemographic and media-related factors influence the spread of this type of misinformation. The findings offer a solid foundation for future comparative research and can contribute to the development of intervention strategies that address both misinformation and the processes of polarization it causes.