Is Nature Conservation Possible in the Anthropocene?

Earth system processes summed up in the idea of the Anthropocene are forcing profound change in how we humans produce food, energy, etc., prepare for natural hazards, and conceive the goals of nature conservation. Rapidly escalating climate impacts demand anticipatory action, according to proponents of resilience-based ecosystem management, to expand the protected area estate, intensify ecosystem restoration, improve habitat connectivity, reduce anthropogenic pressures, and accelerate the adaptation of ecological communities. While each of these options have potential for regressive social impacts, assisted ecosystem adaptation attracts particular criticism over the alleged risks of unintended ecological impacts and legitimation of continued greenhouse gas emissions. Drawing on experience in the Great Barrier Reef, this presentation considers possibilities for solidarity, empowerment, and community-building through the development of new conservation paradigms including assisted ecosystem management. In doing so, it asks how nature conservation might be different when considered in relation not only to biological but to cultural, linguistic and social diversity.