Examining the Role of Physical Activity in Functional Limitations and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults in India

As the aging population in India continues to grow, addressing the health challenges faced by older adults becomes increasingly important. Physical activity plays a crucial role in promoting health and well-being, yet many older individuals face barriers that prevent them from being physically active.

This study investigates the impact of physical activity on critical health outcomes among older adults in India, specifically focusing on functional limitations and depressive symptoms. The sample comprises 4,214 individuals aged 60 and above. Utilizing binary logistic regression and Wooldridge residual analysis, the study reveals that 49.5% of participants experience functional limitations, while 42.3% report depressive symptoms.

The findings indicate a negative relationship between physical activity and functional limitations, and a positive relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, physical activity influences depressive symptoms both directly and indirectly. The analysis also shows that functional limitations increase the likelihood of depressive symptoms among older adults. Notably, older males with functional limitations are more susceptible to depressive symptoms than their female counterparts. Conversely, older females without functional limitations are more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms compared to older males.

Based on these findings, the study advocates for interventions that address multiple levels and aspects of physical activity, including individual perceptions and feelings towards physical activity, as well as the surrounding environment. Such comprehensive strategies are essential for supporting older adults who face challenges in maintaining physical activity and improving their overall mental health and well-being.