Climate-Induced Migration and Its Impact on Family Dynamics in Wajir West Sub-County, Kenya

Climate-induced migration is reshaping family dynamics in Wajir West Sub-County, Kenya, as men increasingly migrate in search of livelihoods, leaving women to manage households alone. This study investigates the socio-economic and psychological impacts of male migration on both women and their children. The research was guided by the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) and utilized a qualitative design involving in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) with 16 women from 16 households, purposively sampled. Data were analyzed using NVivo software, with strict adherence to ethical protocols, including informed consent and confidentiality. The findings reveal that male migration has placed significant economic and emotional burdens on women. Women are now solely responsible for household finances, securing food and water, and caring for children, resulting in role overload and psychological stress. Many women have engaged in informal economic activities despite limited resources and rising costs for essentials like food and firewood. The absence of male partners has also led to emotional isolation, with women lacking adequate support systems. Children’s education has been disrupted, as many are forced to leave school to assist with household duties. Boys, in particular, are expected to fill the roles left vacant by their fathers, leading to early adult responsibilities and educational abandonment. Children are also experiencing emotional distress due to their fathers' absence and increased domestic tension. Instances of gender-based violence (GBV) have been reported, especially when men return sporadically with unrealistic demands. Community support groups, though present, are insufficient to mitigate the strain. The study calls for interventions offering economic support, mental health services, and protection from domestic violence, while ensuring educational continuity for children affected by migration.