Fragmented Leisure: Navigating Unpaid Labor and Digital Spaces in Kolkata

Leisure, traditionally defined by activities separate from work, has evolved with the advent of technology and digital media, blending boundaries between work and relaxation, physical and virtual leisure spaces. When domestic unpaid work becomes intertwined with leisure activities, it adds a layer of complexity to our understanding of leisure and associated tasks. Leisure activities for middle- class women in Kolkata predominantly exhibit complementary leisure which involves selecting activities with the intention of fulfilling work, family, and community roles. The dynamics of unpaid labor and the ethics of care significantly impact the leisure experiences of Bengali women characterised by contamination (constant presence) and fragmentation (interruption) of their leisure time. Women hesitate to prioritise their own leisure time, fearing judgment and criticism for placing their needs above those of their families, “a woman who cares for herself is selfish.” Unlike their male counterparts, wives do not have access to outdoor physical spaces of socialisation like sports clubs, gymnasiums, and bars, therefore relying more on digital spaces. The act of scrolling through their phone is not merely a passive leisure pastime for women, but a dynamic process of engaging with the world (Amake jana thake dunniyay ki hochchhe; pata chalta rehta hai ki duniya mein kya ho rha hai). Their posts on social media platforms are not just updates but curated narratives that reflect their identity and aspirations. The scrolling is an act of participation in the digital public sphere, where the short bursts of content keep them updated on the latest trends, fashion, and social phenomena, ensuring they remains culturally and socially informed despite their busy schedules.