Exploring a Critical Gap in the Disaster Literature

In this paper we describe and analyze a gap between two streams of disaster literature: 1) literature which focuses on root causes of disasters; and 2) literature concerned with disaster prevention and management. Both streams of literature are expanding, but with little apparent connection and dialogue. Root-cause focused disaster literature commonly identifies capitalism, neo-liberalism, colonialism, globalization and related forces as the underlying or constructivist causes of disasters, while implying that radical, revolutionary or transformative changes are the only viable remedies. Disaster prevention and management literature is concerned with a range of issues, including foresight, safety measures, risk analysis, avoidance, incubating factors, late stage triggering factors, emergency measures, mitigation, failure analysis and long-term effects. On the surface, there is considerable commonality between the two streams: both are concerned with disasters and vulnerability. A closer reading reveals marked differences in assumptions, emphases and approaches. We highlight respective strengths and tendencies of each stream and discuss the potential for greater integration. The cleavage between these two streams of literature reflects tensions and disconnections at policy and practice levels. We argue that a more comprehensive understanding of disasters and their prevention depends upon greater synthesis and integration.