Critical Perspectives on Subjective Well-Being Indicators

This paper critically examines the use of subjective well-being indicators, particularly in the context of non-Western and developing nations. Dominant frameworks for measuring subjective well-being, often rooted in individualistic and Western-centric perspectives, have come under scrutiny for their limitations in capturing the complexity of well-being across diverse cultural and socioeconomic contexts. These approaches typically emphasize life satisfaction, happiness, and material conditions but often overlook the relational, cultural, and contextual factors that shape well-being in non-Western societies.

The paper explores alternative approaches, particularly the relational well-being framework, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of individuals, communities, and their environments. By examining how traditional subjective well-being indicators perform in contrasting environments such as Timor-Leste and Mongolia, the paper highlights the challenges of relying on universal, quantitative measures. Using data from national surveys in these countries, the analysis delves into how these indicators align—or fail to align—with the lived experiences of different population groups, taking into account the socio-cultural, political, and economic dimensions that influence well-being.

The paper argues for a more context-sensitive approach to well-being research, advocating for the integration of qualitative and relational indicators to better reflect the diverse realities of subjective well-being, particularly in young and developing democracies. It also discusses the potential implications for policy and development interventions aimed at improving the quality of life in the Global South.