Redefining Aging through Transnational Mobility: The Case of Italian Retirees

This paper investigates the mobility experiences of Italian retirees who relocate to countries offering favorable climatic and economic conditions, such as Tunisia, Portugal, Spain, and Albania. Traditionally, aging and migration have been viewed as separate processes; however, this study highlights how older adults are challenging these conventional frameworks by embracing migration as a strategy for enhancing their later life. Drawing on the life course perspective (Elder et al., 2002; Heinz & Kruger, 2001) and the theory of "successful aging" (Rowe & Kahn, 1997), we examine how Italian retirees navigate this transnational landscape in pursuit of improved well-being.

The research is based on 80-90 semi-structured interviews conducted with Italian retirees and key stakeholders, including representatives from expatriate associations, Comites, and patronati, in the aforementioned countries. Although the sample is not representative of the entire retiree population, the qualitative data provide nuanced insights into the complex motivations, challenges, and socio-economic impacts of retirement migration. The findings suggest that these retirees are primarily driven by the desire to enhance their quality of life, benefiting from lower living costs, favorable tax regimes, and more temperate climates. Unlike traditional migration flows, integration into local communities is not a priority; instead, these retirees maintain strong transnational ties with Italy, contributing to a form of aging that transcends national borders.

This study also explores the precariousness that some retirees face in adapting to new social and economic environments. Additionally, it addresses the broader socio-economic implications of this form of mobility, such as the impact on local real estate markets and the increasing demand for eldercare services. These findings contribute to a growing body of literature that seeks to understand the intersection of aging and migration, offering new perspectives on how later-life mobility can reshape aging experiences while reflecting broader global inequalities.