Intersections of Climate Change, Policy, and Market Pressures: Challenges to Food Security Among the Mana Tribe of Central India

Climate change has significantly impacted food security, especially for small and marginal farmers. Among the Mana tribe of central India, who rely on farming as their primary source of livelihood, these impacts are felt deeply. Climate change disrupts agricultural production, leading to reduced yields and higher production costs. However, the effects of climate change are further compounded by government policies and market forces, which often do not align with the needs of these communities. While policies may aim to address food security, they sometimes inadvertently contribute to the problem by failing to consider the complex realities faced by small farmers. Market forces add another layer of challenge, increasing production costs and limiting farmers' ability to sell their products at fair prices. Together, these factors create a cycle where farmers are trapped between rising production costs and unmet food needs. This study is part of a larger ethnographic investigation into the livelihoods of the Mana tribe, who live in forested areas of central India. It explores how these farmers navigate the intersection of climate change, policy frameworks, and market pressures, and how these dynamics lead to shifting food habits and broader food security concerns. By understanding their adaptive strategies, this research aims to shed light on the larger systemic issues impacting food security and suggest pathways for policy reform that better align with the realities of tribal and smallholder farming communities.