New Authoritarianism and Social Policies across the Globe: Converges and Divergences

Tuesday, 8 July 2025: 15:00-16:45
Location: FSE038 (Faculty of Education Sciences (FSE))
RC19 Poverty, Social Welfare and Social Policy (host committee)

Language: English and Spanish

During the recent expansionary wave, the comparative literature identified democracy and electoral competition as the primary drivers behind social policy expansion (Huber and Stephens, 2012; Arza et al, 2022). As democratic erosion is most noticeable in Eastern Europe, South and Central Asia but also present in Latin America and the Caribbean, it is timely to re-examine political regimes’ role in shaping social policy.

The literature shows that autocratic regimes, particularly electoral autocracies, do not use repression by default but constantly rely on legitimacy—namely, belief in the ruler's right to rule—to mobilize support and use various methods to influence citizens and maintain political control over the long run. Among the well-established welfare regimes of the global North, Carnes and Mares (2009) demonstrated that social insurance programs in Europe and outside the West were initially adopted by non-democratic governments, motivated by their desire to prevent demands for political rights. More recently, the authoritarian regimes that preceded the third wave of democratization in Latin America, were not only pro-market but also familistic and maternalistic. Do electoral autocracies like those in Nicaragua and El Salvador have more in common with their authoritarian predecessors or the electoral democracies that expanded social spending and programs? How much do electoral incentives weigh against the role of legacies and the new constituencies they gave way to?

This session looks for proposals that address these concerns in one or more countries across the global South.

Session Organizer:
Juliana MARTINEZ FRANZONI, University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica
Chair:
Tuba AGARTAN, Providence College, USA
Discussant:
Daniel BELAND, McGill University, Canada
Oral Presentations
Handling Ageing with Care in Authoritarian and in the Democratic Regimes: Ideas, Institutions, and Explaining Long-Term Care Policy Development in Three Chinese Societies
Daniel BELAND, McGill University, Canada; Wing Kit CHAN, Sun Yat-sen University, China; Shih-Jiunn SHI, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Autocrats Prefer Carrots over Sticks, Too: The Cases of El Salvador and Nicaragua
Juliana MARTINEZ FRANZONI, University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica; Diego Sánchez-Ancochea SÁNCHEZ-ANCOCHEA, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Serving the Poor or Serving the State? - The Ambiguities of Co-Optation in Poverty Governance in Authoritarian Hungary
Judit KELLER, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Hungary; Alexandra SZŐKE, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Institute for Regional Studies, Hungary