Emergence and Handling of New Trends in Migration

In the 21st century, international migration is becoming more active and more complicated than before. The state and other political agencies struggle to handle migration further. But how can they be successful in handling? This paper will pose the question to explore, with taking a comparative stance of Asia with other regions such as Europe, America and Oceania. As is well known, Asia is an highly active area in migration, following some new characteristics in recent years. Firstly, South Korea and Taiwan have set up the guestworker system to introduce unskilled migrant workers officially that Western European countries abandoned around the middle of 1970s. This seemingly anachronic guestworker system is based on bi-governmental agreeement, which created new flows: Now South Korea accepts migrants from Uzbekistan, and Taiwan introduces workers from Mongolia. Secondly, a points system has been introduced by Japan. Startegically, Japan planned and started the points system at the same period when it implemented policy to return Nikkeijin back to their own countries in the recession after Lehman shock. But the Japanese points system, immitated in Canadian and Australian systems, is a negative case: it is not successful in attracting highly skilled migrants. Thirdly, emigration policy of the Phillipines is still active and is developing further, with establishing educational institutions to safisfy criteria of migrant workers in receiving countries. As one result, the number of candidates of nurses and care workers are exported to Japan. These new trends press us to reconsider an migration issue. It should be explored not only what trend of migration has been emerging but also how the state and other agencies can adopt new, effective ways to handle them through control, regulation, management and citizenship.