From Latin America to Spain, Migrants Trajectories of Integration in a Rural Province

Recent migration patterns are characterised by their global nature and the preference for urban destinations. In Spain, immigrants tend to settle in the main cities of the country. Social Social network play an important role in both the decision to emigrate and the choice of location. Related to migrants and its social net, very little is known about patterns of integration and community participation in rural and low population density contexts in Spain.

This communication explores these issues and is based on a study, in the province of Teruel (Spain), using a sample of 324 Latin American migrants over the age of 18, selected by sex and place of residence. A standardised test – the Musitu and Gracia AC-90 Community Social Support Questionnaire and open questions were employed. ANOVAS analysis showed significant differences in community integration and participation in accordance with socioeconomic, motivational and social interaction variables.

Results show us that given the changes in lifestyle, customs, language etc., the peer group, the family and the neighbourhood provide the base from which feelings of self-esteem and self-efficacy are derived, although contact with local people (Spaniards) is one of the main agents of social support; it is therefore important to examine the relationships that are established between the indigenous population and the immigrants. Prejudices and stereotypes are easily developed in a climate of mutual ignorance and isolated rural enclaves are no exception. In addition to policies of control and regulation, Spain’s immigrants require support in the development of the processes of integration and peaceful coexistence.