Missing Ring of Travelogue Study in Iran (The neglect of two narrative “present ethnographic” techniques and “indirect free discourse” in travelogue studies)

The two concepts of "present ethnographic" and "indirect free discourse" have been neglected in travelogue studies in Iran, especially in the fields of Iranian behavioral identifying and the study of the Iranian habits. According to the present ethnographic concept, the writer of travelogue captures information from a culture in a way that the elements of that culture are constant and unchanged, and the individuals belonging to that culture also follow a solid set of behaviors. Based on indirect free discourse, which is a narrative tool, collective beliefs and attitudes of all individuals of a culture are expressed in generalized forms. Accordingly, the authors of this article, by studying and analyzing more than 500 travelogues and travel reports that are the result of the look of foreigners to Iranian culture, in addition to displaying the moments recorded with these two techniques of narration in foreigners’ travelogue, in a genealogical way indicate their footprint and their effect on the judgments of Iranian travelogue researchers and their reflection of the behavioral and habitual abnormalities of Iranians.