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A View from Global Democracy
This paper is aimed at arguing that social injustices are redressed according to certain principles such as, for instance, fair distribution, equal treatment, compensatory discrimination, and utility. Redistribution of resources, recognition of personal and/or cultural identity, and participation in rule-making contribute to the key themes of the corrections of injustices. Each constitutes a field of public concern, namely economical, cultural, and political issues. I hold the argument that the competing priority of these issues involves both barriers and borders of social justice.
The achievement of social justice through correction of injustices raises the problems of order of priority among fields and between different development levels of societies. Both of these problems usually intertwine with each other. That is to say, the achievement of justice in a certain society often entails an injustice done to other societies especially in the era of globalism. This explains the barriers and borders of social justice.
The problem of order of priority among fields has been posted by some authors such as Young (1990, 2000, 2007) , Fraser (1997), Fraser and Honneth (2003), and Fraser (2009). Since education reform in the era of globalism and multiculturalism cannot do without tackling the controversial priority of economic, cultural, and political issues, it would be so naïve to fight for educational justices or just education without taking this problem into account.
In order to reveal this long neglected barriers and borders that any struggles against social injustices have to face, I thus propose a view of global democracy to help go beyond social justice. By doing this I create the term “communaliberalism” to emphasize the double efforts of liberation of communities and individuals, and to by-pass the individual-collective deadlock.