Labor Practices and Expectations of the Russian Young Scientists and Innovators

We study the labor practices of young people engaged in science and innovation entrepreneurship, because it is necessary to increase labor efficiency. Was substantiated theoretical understanding of the impact of the expected opportunities on the behavior of young people. It is based, on the one hand, on the theory of D. McClelland, according to which the labor activity, the result determined by the interaction of three variables: motivation, individual abilities and qualities. On the other hand, to describe the relationship between motivation, incentives and job satisfaction expectations were used the theory of    V. Vroom and F. Herzberg's two-factor model. In the empirical analysis as influencing elements were considered the opportunities provided by the institutional conditions, labor motivation of a young man, ideas about their capabilities, expected results.
Using the data of poll of young researchers and innovators of Russia carried out by the Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of SB RAS in 2011 (N = 1037), as well as the factor and cluster analysis, are constructed empirical behavior models of young scientists and innovators. Considering labor motivation of youth and the influencing institutional conditions, the effective and adaptive models of labor behavior are revealed. Results the work of the groups, practicing this model, and their job satisfaction were used as criteria of evaluation of the models. Among the effective behavior models identified two typical for young researchers and two more - for innovators. Innovators are practicing effective models less likely than young scientists (43 and 62%) due to the lack of development of institutional conditions. Adaptive behavior models are often practiced to avoid the risk and hard work.