Is Community Work in China Really a 'women's' Job? a Case Study from Gansu Province ,China

Xu, Heli

The significant contributions of Chinese female community workers sharply contrast with the marginalization they face in terms of career development. This paper examines the gendered dimensions of community work—commonly perceived as “women’s work”—within the broader framework of bureaucratic structures and socio-cultural gender norms. It traces how the gendered effects of the state, market, and organizational systems on this profession have evolved from China’s market transition in 1979 to the present. Specifically, it analyzes shifts in the gendered division of labor within these institutions and assesses what female community workers have gained and lost over time.

In China, it’s important to recognize that community organizations, while officially classified as autonomous and not formal bureaucratic entities, function as critical front-line institutions connecting the state and society. These organizations are responsible for implementing policies and addressing social issues. During the COVID-19 pandemic, female community workers played an essential role in managing residents’ emotions and coordinating isolation measures. However, the disproportionate work pressure they experienced during the pandemic has persisted in its aftermath. This continued strain, coupled with limited career growth opportunities—such as pay, stability, career advancement, and social recognition—reinforces the perception of community work as "women's work" and a transitional space between "work" and "family."

This study is currently conducting fieldwork in several communities in northwest China. Preliminary findings from interviews with community workers suggest that the nature of community work itself isn’t inherently tied to gender; nonetheless, women seem to “choose” this profession in greater numbers. This study will also explore how global gender labor trends affect Chinese society,with the aim of clarifying the challenges and constraints female community workers face within a broader, global context of gendered labor dynamics.