Identity Politics: A Global and South Asian Approach with a Focus on India

In recent decades, culture has significantly influenced politics worldwide, impacting stability at both national and local levels. At the heart of cultural discussions lies the critical issue of identity, which has given rise to a new political phenomenon known as identity politics. Today, the notion of "Is your attitude in need of adjustment?"—echoing the well-known ethnic slogan—has become prevalent. Over the years, motivational speeches and the rise of identity politics have reshaped political landscapes, with ethnic categorization and regional identity fostering a more illustrated multicultural society rather than a monochromatic one. Despite this diversity, the new global order often exhibits hegemonic tendencies that have spurred the growth of identity politics.

Within the global context, nation-states are often characterized by multi-ethnic and multi-linguistic societies, yet there is a persistent effort to forge a homogeneous identity. This tension leads to political conversations that heavily emphasize identity and diversity. The authors of this paper aim to navigate the landscape of identity politics through a structured framework. We seek to explore the complexities of identity politics at global, regional, and national levels, with a particular focus on South Asia and India. Our analysis highlights both the positive and negative effects of identity politics on social cohesion and political communication in multi-ethnic societies, as well as the challenges of integrating diverse voices. Ultimately, this work aspires to elucidate the epistemic perspectives surrounding identity and politics, shedding light on contemporary efforts to achieve equity and appropriate representation in society.