-
Abstract
Defining Indigenous Work: A 'Community of Practice'
Approach to Indigenous Community Work in Western Australia, lnternational Sociological Association, Durban, South Africa, (ENG)
- Saggers, Sherry, Hutchins, Teresa, Quartermaine, Linda,
Thorne, Tim & Muirhead, Tim (Edith Cowan U, Westem Australia)
- XVI ISA World Congress of Sociology, Durban, South Africa, 2006
Much of the focus of recent Australian welfare refonn, like that of many other neo-liberal states has been preoccupied with notions of participation, mutual obligation & shared responsibility. The language that accompanies these ideas includes 'capacity building' & 'social capital' (which are frequently used interchangeably). Aboriginal & Islander people in Australia are often problematised as the population most needing strengthening in order to address persistent disadvantage, & the social disorder that accornpanies that disadvantage. The resilience & strength of individual community members, however, is often overlooked as funds are directed towards agencies rather than people on the ground. The net effect of the focus on agencies is the leaching of strong leaders out of comrnunities into govemment agencies where their work ís directed by agency rather than community aspirations. Thus, it is the capacity of the agencies rather than communities that tends to be strengthened. In addition to this, dominant notions of professional practice that forrn the basis of much agency work often prevents community workers from working directly within their own families & communities. The project described in this paper focuses upon supporting & resourcing strong community leaders to work directly with their own families & community through a 'community of practice' that brings together the very different resources of a university & local community.
Much of the focus of recent Australian welfare refonn, like that of many other neo-liberal states has been preoccupied with notions of participation, mutual obligation & shared responsibility. The language that accompanies these ideas includes 'capacity building' & 'social capital' (which are frequently used interchangeably). Aboriginal & Islander people in Australia are often problematised as the population most needing strengthening in order to address persistent disadvantage, & the social disorder that accornpanies that disadvantage. The resilience & strength of individual community members, however, is often overlooked as funds are directed towards agencies rather than people on the ground. The net effect of the focus on agencies is the leaching of strong leaders out of comrnunities into govemment agencies where their work ís directed by agency rather than community aspirations. Thus, it is the capacity of the agencies rather than communities that tends to be strengthened. In addition to this, dominant notions of professional practice that forrn the basis of much agency work often prevents community workers from working directly within their own families & communities. The project described in this paper focuses upon supporting & resourcing strong community leaders to work directly with their own families & community through a 'community of practice' that brings together the very different resources of a university & local community.
Much of the focus of recent Australian welfare refonn, like that of many other neo-liberal states has been preoccupied with notions of participation, mutual obligation & shared responsibility. The language that accompanies these ideas includes 'capacity building' & 'social capital' (which are frequently used interchangeably). Aboriginal & Islander people in Australia are often problematised as the population most needing strengthening in order to address persistent disadvantage, & the social disorder that accornpanies that disadvantage. The resilience & strength of individual community members, however, is often overlooked as funds are directed towards agencies rather than people on the ground. The net effect of the focus on agencies is the leaching of strong leaders out of comrnunities into govemment agencies where their work ís directed by agency rather than community aspirations. Thus, it is the capacity of the agencies rather than communities that tends to be strengthened. In addition to this, dominant notions of professional practice that forrn the basis of much agency work often prevents community workers from working directly within their own families & communities. The project described in this paper focuses upon supporting & resourcing strong community leaders to work directly with their own families & community through a 'community of practice' that brings together the very different resources of a university & local community.
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Abstract
Gender in
Engineering. Bridging the Gap between ations, Disciplines.
Non-Feminist and Feminist Researchers in European Project
WomEng, lnternational Sociological Association, Durban, South
Africa, (ENG)
- Sagebiel, Felizitas & Genin, Anne-Sophie (Dept Education, U
Wuppertal, Germany 42097)
- XVI ISA World Congress of Sociology, Durban, South Africa, 2006
The paper will focus on the European Project WomEng-"Creating Cultures of Success for Women Engineers" (website: www.womeng.net) (Besides Felizitas Sagebiel (University ofWuppertal, Gennany), Christine Waechter (IFFIIFZ Graz, Austria), Maureen Cooper (University of Stirling, UK), André Beraud & lean Soubrier (INSA, Lyon, France), AnneSophie Genin (ENSAM, Paris, France), Paivi Siltanen (Witec, Finland), Dora Kokla (EDEM, Athens, Greece) & Oto Hudec (Technical University Kosice, Slovakia) were working together in WomEng. The coordination was led by Yvonne Pourrat (CDEFl, Paris, Francej). The project started on November 2002 & lasted until end of October 2005. Participant members were universities & non-profit women' s engineering associations from seven countries (UK, France, Gennany, Austria, Finland, Greece & Slovakia). In four so-called work packages (wp) WomEng combined a strong quantitative with a complex qualitative methodology. There are two project parts: education & profession of engineering. In the first part questions of choice of degree courses (work package 2) are connected with questions about experiences, satisfaction & dissatisfaction of students (work package 3) & questions of organisational cultures of degree courses (work package 4). A special work package focused on methodology (coordinated by Anne-Sophie Genin (France) & Oto Hudec (Slovakiaj), others on dissernination & coordination. The paper will demonstrate potentials & difficulties in intemational & multi methodological research on gender in engineering. Questions of national differences in political correctness will be reflected on besides cultural variations in social desirability of issues & answers. Co-operation in an interdisciplinary research team together with feminist versus non-feminist scientific backgrounds will be discussed. Intemational construction of a quantitative questionnaire is full of adventures, especially in a European project on gender issues, working together with a rnixed-sex partner team out of different disciplines as well as traditions/non-traditions of feminist thinking. The implicit question was if gender is a category as others or if it is a social construction in different European countries, defined by gendered division of labour. Examples of political correctness were diversity questions are not politicaJly correct in France & UK whereas questions about income are not politically COITect in Gennany for instance. Whereas in Gennany & Austria special measure for women in engineering are a question of quality of departments & degree courses, in France students & faculty did not know anything about these, & when the interviewees understood what meant, they answered this differentiation by sex should not be & would not be politically correct.
The paper will focus on the European Project WomEng-"Creating Cultures of Success for Women Engineers" (website: www.womeng.net) (Besides Felizitas Sagebiel (University ofWuppertal, Gennany), Christine Waechter (IFFIIFZ Graz, Austria), Maureen Cooper (University of Stirling, UK), André Beraud & lean Soubrier (INSA, Lyon, France), AnneSophie Genin (ENSAM, Paris, France), Paivi Siltanen (Witec, Finland), Dora Kokla (EDEM, Athens, Greece) & Oto Hudec (Technical University Kosice, Slovakia) were working together in WomEng. The coordination was led by Yvonne Pourrat (CDEFl, Paris, Francej). The project started on November 2002 & lasted until end of October 2005. Participant members were universities & non-profit women' s engineering associations from seven countries (UK, France, Gennany, Austria, Finland, Greece & Slovakia). In four so-called work packages (wp) WomEng combined a strong quantitative with a complex qualitative methodology. There are two project parts: education & profession of engineering. In the first part questions of choice of degree courses (work package 2) are connected with questions about experiences, satisfaction & dissatisfaction of students (work package 3) & questions of organisational cultures of degree courses (work package 4). A special work package focused on methodology (coordinated by Anne-Sophie Genin (France) & Oto Hudec (Slovakiaj), others on dissernination & coordination. The paper will demonstrate potentials & difficulties in intemational & multi methodological research on gender in engineering. Questions of national differences in political correctness will be reflected on besides cultural variations in social desirability of issues & answers. Co-operation in an interdisciplinary research team together with feminist versus non-feminist scientific backgrounds will be discussed. Intemational construction of a quantitative questionnaire is full of adventures, especially in a European project on gender issues, working together with a rnixed-sex partner team out of different disciplines as well as traditions/non-traditions of feminist thinking. The implicit question was if gender is a category as others or if it is a social construction in different European countries, defined by gendered division of labour. Examples of political correctness were diversity questions are not politicaJly correct in France & UK whereas questions about income are not politically COITect in Gennany for instance. Whereas in Gennany & Austria special measure for women in engineering are a question of quality of departments & degree courses, in France students & faculty did not know anything about these, & when the interviewees understood what meant, they answered this differentiation by sex should not be & would not be politically correct.
The paper will focus on the European Project WomEng-"Creating Cultures of Success for Women Engineers" (website: www.womeng.net) (Besides Felizitas Sagebiel (University ofWuppertal, Gennany), Christine Waechter (IFFIIFZ Graz, Austria), Maureen Cooper (University of Stirling, UK), André Beraud & lean Soubrier (INSA, Lyon, France), AnneSophie Genin (ENSAM, Paris, France), Paivi Siltanen (Witec, Finland), Dora Kokla (EDEM, Athens, Greece) & Oto Hudec (Technical University Kosice, Slovakia) were working together in WomEng. The coordination was led by Yvonne Pourrat (CDEFl, Paris, Francej). The project started on November 2002 & lasted until end of October 2005. Participant members were universities & non-profit women' s engineering associations from seven countries (UK, France, Gennany, Austria, Finland, Greece & Slovakia). In four so-called work packages (wp) WomEng combined a strong quantitative with a complex qualitative methodology. There are two project parts: education & profession of engineering. In the first part questions of choice of degree courses (work package 2) are connected with questions about experiences, satisfaction & dissatisfaction of students (work package 3) & questions of organisational cultures of degree courses (work package 4). A special work package focused on methodology (coordinated by Anne-Sophie Genin (France) & Oto Hudec (Slovakiaj), others on dissernination & coordination. The paper will demonstrate potentials & difficulties in intemational & multi methodological research on gender in engineering. Questions of national differences in political correctness will be reflected on besides cultural variations in social desirability of issues & answers. Co-operation in an interdisciplinary research team together with feminist versus non-feminist scientific backgrounds will be discussed. Intemational construction of a quantitative questionnaire is full of adventures, especially in a European project on gender issues, working together with a rnixed-sex partner team out of different disciplines as well as traditions/non-traditions of feminist thinking. The implicit question was if gender is a category as others or if it is a social construction in different European countries, defined by gendered division of labour. Examples of political correctness were diversity questions are not politicaJly correct in France & UK whereas questions about income are not politically COITect in Gennany for instance. Whereas in Gennany & Austria special measure for women in engineering are a question of quality of departments & degree courses, in France students & faculty did not know anything about these, & when the interviewees understood what meant, they answered this differentiation by sex should not be & would not be politically correct.
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Abstract
Transformative Capabilities in the "Very Old Economy": Intersectoral Innovation etworks and Learning Alliances, International Sociological Association, Durban, South Africa, (ENG
- Schmierl, Klaus (lnstit Social Research, Munich, Germany)
- XVI ISA World Congress of Sociology, Durban, South Africa, 2006
Well-known classical pattems of creating innovations in the economy do actually change. Innovations aren't originated anymore solely in 'knowledge intensive' companies. On the contrary they are mutually shared & created between companies of different economic segments including so-called low-tech sectors. Intersectoral innovation processes organized along "distributed knowledge bases" across econontic sectors becomes the main source of innovation. Also in mature econontic segments of the Old Economy innovation processes are increasingly performed in global or local innovation & training networks-a fact, which for the most part is neglected within econontics & social sciences. Based on altogether 43 extensive empirical case studies of individuallow tech companies in eleven European countries conducted by an interdisciplinary project consortium within the EU funded project "Policy and Innovation in Low Tech (PILOT)" the paper discusses distinct strategies of low tech companies which allow tbem to reproduce a creative knowledge base by establishing innovation & training alliances. Therefore it addresses the main question: How are innovative capabilities in these low-tech companies created, organised, managed & mobilised in the long run by building up cross-company training networks? The author presents evidence from the case studies that althougb low-tech firms are characterized by predontinance of incremental knowledge accumulation & informal training, at the same time they rearrange & refine creati ve solutions for developing vocational training networks & leaming alliances.
Well-known classical pattems of creating innovations in the economy do actually change. Innovations aren't originated anymore solely in 'knowledge intensive' companies. On the contrary they are mutually shared & created between companies of different economic segments including so-called low-tech sectors. Intersectoral innovation processes organized along "distributed knowledge bases" across econontic sectors becomes the main source of innovation. Also in mature econontic segments of the Old Economy innovation processes are increasingly performed in global or local innovation & training networks-a fact, which for the most part is neglected within econontics & social sciences. Based on altogether 43 extensive empirical case studies of individuallow tech companies in eleven European countries conducted by an interdisciplinary project consortium within the EU funded project "Policy and Innovation in Low Tech (PILOT)" the paper discusses distinct strategies of low tech companies which allow tbem to reproduce a creative knowledge base by establishing innovation & training alliances. Therefore it addresses the main question: How are innovative capabilities in these low-tech companies created, organised, managed & mobilised in the long run by building up cross-company training networks? The author presents evidence from the case studies that althougb low-tech firms are characterized by predontinance of incremental knowledge accumulation & informal training, at the same time they rearrange & refine creati ve solutions for developing vocational training networks & leaming alliances.
Well-known classical pattems of creating innovations in the economy do actually change. Innovations aren't originated anymore solely in 'knowledge intensive' companies. On the contrary they are mutually shared & created between companies of different economic segments including so-called low-tech sectors. Intersectoral innovation processes organized along "distributed knowledge bases" across econontic sectors becomes the main source of innovation. Also in mature econontic segments of the Old Economy innovation processes are increasingly performed in global or local innovation & training networks-a fact, which for the most part is neglected within econontics & social sciences. Based on altogether 43 extensive empirical case studies of individuallow tech companies in eleven European countries conducted by an interdisciplinary project consortium within the EU funded project "Policy and Innovation in Low Tech (PILOT)" the paper discusses distinct strategies of low tech companies which allow tbem to reproduce a creative knowledge base by establishing innovation & training alliances. Therefore it addresses the main question: How are innovative capabilities in these low-tech companies created, organised, managed & mobilised in the long run by building up cross-company training networks? The author presents evidence from the case studies that althougb low-tech firms are characterized by predontinance of incremental knowledge accumulation & informal training, at the same time they rearrange & refine creati ve solutions for developing vocational training networks & leaming alliances.
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Abstract
The Symbolic Economy of Ethnicity in Turin,
International Sociological Associaiion, Durban, South Africa,
(ENG)
- Semi, Giovanni (Dipt Studi Sociali & Politici, U StataIe Milano,
ItaIy 21022)
- XVI ISA World Congress of Sociology, Durban, South Africa, 2006
This paper stresses the relationship between a process of urban regeneration & the development of a symbolic economy in the city of Turin, in northern Italy. Data & reflections are based on fieldwork between 2001 & 2003 for my PhD (discussed in 2004). In the last decade the "discovery" of the inner city of Turin by both public institutions & private investors has been accompanied by a large display of representations of a reinvented "local" as well as "foreign" culture. The former drawing principally on the Middle Ages & Renaissance historical past of the neighbourhood & the latter on the construction of an exotic set of mainly Moroccan elements, these urban narratives create the "ambiance" that makes this neighbourhood the most celebrated in town. My aim is to show how this process is not as c1ear-cut or one-sided as it can appear. International rnigration flows, post-industrial dynarnics, urban elites' renewal & the interaction between those dimensions create what is now considered an urban space a la mode of Turin, a place that was seen, only 15 years ago, as one of the worst to live in. If one of the reasons for the early dismissal of the inner-city was the local, popular & rather marginal culture, now some selected elements of ít, especially ethnicity, are taken as symbols of renewal & regeneration.
This paper stresses the relationship between a process of urban regeneration & the development of a symbolic economy in the city of Turin, in northern Italy. Data & reflections are based on fieldwork between 2001 & 2003 for my PhD (discussed in 2004). In the last decade the "discovery" of the inner city of Turin by both public institutions & private investors has been accompanied by a large display of representations of a reinvented "local" as well as "foreign" culture. The former drawing principally on the Middle Ages & Renaissance historical past of the neighbourhood & the latter on the construction of an exotic set of mainly Moroccan elements, these urban narratives create the "ambiance" that makes this neighbourhood the most celebrated in town. My aim is to show how this process is not as c1ear-cut or one-sided as it can appear. International rnigration flows, post-industrial dynarnics, urban elites' renewal & the interaction between those dimensions create what is now considered an urban space a la mode of Turin, a place that was seen, only 15 years ago, as one of the worst to live in. If one of the reasons for the early dismissal of the inner-city was the local, popular & rather marginal culture, now some selected elements of ít, especially ethnicity, are taken as symbols of renewal & regeneration.
This paper stresses the relationship between a process of urban regeneration & the development of a symbolic economy in the city of Turin, in northern Italy. Data & reflections are based on fieldwork between 2001 & 2003 for my PhD (discussed in 2004). In the last decade the "discovery" of the inner city of Turin by both public institutions & private investors has been accompanied by a large display of representations of a reinvented "local" as well as "foreign" culture. The former drawing principally on the Middle Ages & Renaissance historical past of the neighbourhood & the latter on the construction of an exotic set of mainly Moroccan elements, these urban narratives create the "ambiance" that makes this neighbourhood the most celebrated in town. My aim is to show how this process is not as c1ear-cut or one-sided as it can appear. International rnigration flows, post-industrial dynarnics, urban elites' renewal & the interaction between those dimensions create what is now considered an urban space a la mode of Turin, a place that was seen, only 15 years ago, as one of the worst to live in. If one of the reasons for the early dismissal of the inner-city was the local, popular & rather marginal culture, now some selected elements of ít, especially ethnicity, are taken as symbols of renewal & regeneration.
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Abstract
Institute of Children's SutTrage Executed by Parents as an
EtTective Way for Children's Participation, International Sociological Association; Durban, South Africa, (ENG)
- Semashko, Leo (Tetrasociological Instit, St. Petersburg, Russia)
- XVI ISA World Congress of Sociology, Durban, South Africa, 2006
Children's suffrage executed by parents is an effective legal & sociocultural institute for the establishment of a priority of the children's interests in an information society, for increase of the responsibility of farnily & state for children, & for priority budget financing of the children's sphere. It is its main social predestination. Children's suffrage institution carries out in society many various functions: cultural, political, legal, psychological, farnily, gender, educational, cornmunication etc. One of its important functions is the development, strengthening & increase of quality of the children' s participation in social, political & family life. We shall title this function as function of the institutional children's participation. In the paper the first part we shall try to present a brief sketch of the children' s sphere & its plight. In the second part the children's suffrage institution is considered & in the third part the functions of institutional children's participation is opened.
Children's suffrage executed by parents is an effective legal & sociocultural institute for the establishment of a priority of the children's interests in an information society, for increase of the responsibility of farnily & state for children, & for priority budget financing of the children's sphere. It is its main social predestination. Children's suffrage institution carries out in society many various functions: cultural, political, legal, psychological, farnily, gender, educational, cornmunication etc. One of its important functions is the development, strengthening & increase of quality of the children' s participation in social, political & family life. We shall title this function as function of the institutional children's participation. In the paper the first part we shall try to present a brief sketch of the children' s sphere & its plight. In the second part the children's suffrage institution is considered & in the third part the functions of institutional children's participation is opened.
Children's suffrage executed by parents is an effective legal & sociocultural institute for the establishment of a priority of the children's interests in an information society, for increase of the responsibility of farnily & state for children, & for priority budget financing of the children's sphere. It is its main social predestination. Children's suffrage institution carries out in society many various functions: cultural, political, legal, psychological, farnily, gender, educational, cornmunication etc. One of its important functions is the development, strengthening & increase of quality of the children' s participation in social, political & family life. We shall title this function as function of the institutional children's participation. In the paper the first part we shall try to present a brief sketch of the children' s sphere & its plight. In the second part the children's suffrage institution is considered & in the third part the functions of institutional children's participation is opened.
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Abstract
The Role of the Internet in Transnational Mobilization: Chiapas Connections, 1994-2005, International Sociological Association, Durban, South Africa, (ENG)
- Schulz, Markus 8. (NYUNT, New York, NY)
- XVI ISA World Congress of Sociology, Durban, South Africa, 2006
The uprising of the Zapatistas in Chiapas is widely considered to be the prototypical case of a conflict in which the Internet had a decisive impact. This paper questions whether the Internet's impact has been exaggerated & investigates its role empirically through quantitative & qualitative analyses. The data set consists of over 42,000 electronic mails & web pages & is contrasted with the discourse in national & international mass media & ethnographic research in multiple sites in Mexico, the United States, & Europe over the period 1994-2005. The findings support a more nuanced account & assessment of the Internet's role vis-á-vis other media interfaces. The paper concludes with a set of general recommendations for further research.
The uprising of the Zapatistas in Chiapas is widely considered to be the prototypical case of a conflict in which the Internet had a decisive impact. This paper questions whether the Internet's impact has been exaggerated & investigates its role empirically through quantitative & qualitative analyses. The data set consists of over 42,000 electronic mails & web pages & is contrasted with the discourse in national & international mass media & ethnographic research in multiple sites in Mexico, the United States, & Europe over the period 1994-2005. The findings support a more nuanced account & assessment of the Internet's role vis-á-vis other media interfaces. The paper concludes with a set of general recommendations for further research.
The uprising of the Zapatistas in Chiapas is widely considered to be the prototypical case of a conflict in which the Internet had a decisive impact. This paper questions whether the Internet's impact has been exaggerated & investigates its role empirically through quantitative & qualitative analyses. The data set consists of over 42,000 electronic mails & web pages & is contrasted with the discourse in national & international mass media & ethnographic research in multiple sites in Mexico, the United States, & Europe over the period 1994-2005. The findings support a more nuanced account & assessment of the Internet's role vis-á-vis other media interfaces. The paper concludes with a set of general recommendations for further research.
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Abstract
Vulnerabilities of People with
Dernentia at the End of Their Lives: The Shortcomings of
Autonomy, lntemational Sociological Association, Durban, South
Africa, (ENG)
- Srnal!, Neil, Downs, M. & Froggatt, K. (School Health Studies,
U Bradford, UK)
- XVI ISA World Congress of Sociology, Durban, South Africa, 2006
Any emphasis on individualisation & autonomy presents a risk when considering people with dementia. An ethos of achievement & an imperative to 'rnake oneself can be a useful counterforce to a deficit model of ageing-ageing as decline-but having to construct for oneself a successful ageing presents a burden, or barrier, for this group & invokes the creation of a new rationale for customary neglect. With dementia we have to consider the possibility of a break in the sense of a consistent autonomous self-that is, a person with dementia may not recognise the person they were. The elevation of autonomy, of being able to make choices, for this group is far removed from the person with dementia's overwhelming wish to be made to feel safe, to be cared for. It is the loss of capacity to live with a reflective sense of the self, & to make choices, that shapes dementia as the quintessential dreaded loss for the postrnodem persono A developing heuristic in palliative care has embraced appropriate advances in medical science in the context of an ethical cornmitment to the importance of the self. Its relevance for people with dementia is explored.
Any emphasis on individualisation & autonomy presents a risk when considering people with dementia. An ethos of achievement & an imperative to 'rnake oneself can be a useful counterforce to a deficit model of ageing-ageing as decline-but having to construct for oneself a successful ageing presents a burden, or barrier, for this group & invokes the creation of a new rationale for customary neglect. With dementia we have to consider the possibility of a break in the sense of a consistent autonomous self-that is, a person with dementia may not recognise the person they were. The elevation of autonomy, of being able to make choices, for this group is far removed from the person with dementia's overwhelming wish to be made to feel safe, to be cared for. It is the loss of capacity to live with a reflective sense of the self, & to make choices, that shapes dementia as the quintessential dreaded loss for the postrnodem persono A developing heuristic in palliative care has embraced appropriate advances in medical science in the context of an ethical cornmitment to the importance of the self. Its relevance for people with dementia is explored.
Any emphasis on individualisation & autonomy presents a risk when considering people with dementia. An ethos of achievement & an imperative to 'rnake oneself can be a useful counterforce to a deficit model of ageing-ageing as decline-but having to construct for oneself a successful ageing presents a burden, or barrier, for this group & invokes the creation of a new rationale for customary neglect. With dementia we have to consider the possibility of a break in the sense of a consistent autonomous self-that is, a person with dementia may not recognise the person they were. The elevation of autonomy, of being able to make choices, for this group is far removed from the person with dementia's overwhelming wish to be made to feel safe, to be cared for. It is the loss of capacity to live with a reflective sense of the self, & to make choices, that shapes dementia as the quintessential dreaded loss for the postrnodem persono A developing heuristic in palliative care has embraced appropriate advances in medical science in the context of an ethical cornmitment to the importance of the self. Its relevance for people with dementia is explored.
-
Abstract
Beyond Autonorny: End of
Life Care for People with Dementia, lntemational Sociological
Association, Durban, South Africa, (ENG)
- Srnall, Neil, Downs, M. & Froggatt, K. (School Health Studies,
U Bradford, UK)
- XVI ISA World Congress of Sociology, Durban, South Africa, 2006
Prevailing ethical models in medicine & social care emphasise the importance of autonomy-clinicians should act to increase autonomy & justice, aim to do good & avoid doing harm (Beauchamp & Childress, 2001). Debates re the ethics of providing, or nOIproviding, specific configurations of care at the end of life have also been developed with a central focus on autonomy. This paper repons on research examining the end-oflife care experiences of people with dementia & specifically examines the interface between dementia care & palliative careo Both palliative care & scholarship in relation to intellectual impairment have explored moving beyond autonomy. However neither approach has fully engaged with an altemative bio-ethics relevant to people with dementia. While it is agreed that a concem with autonomy might have been welcome as a part of a democratisation of service provision-as a counterforce to patemalismthere is anger that, if autonomy is seen to override other concems, it might result in inadequate care for those considered to be incapable of autonomy. The usual situation in a palliative care setting sees the likelihood that an agreed approach to care can be achieved, based on respect for the autonomy of the patient. Where a person is likely to lose the ability to communicate there is the possibility of the precedent autonomy of a living will being evoked. In contrast, with dementia we have to consider the possibility of an absence of a shared sense as to the nature of the challenge being responded to-an absence of illness insight; a break in the sense of a consistent autonomous self-that is, a person with dementia may not recognise the person they were & who made autonomous decisions as being the person they are now, & a person for whom the elevation of autonomy, of being able to make choices, is now a fiction principally serving the ethics of the staff & far removed from the person with dementia's overwhelming wish to be made to feel safe, to be cared for.
Prevailing ethical models in medicine & social care emphasise the importance of autonomy-clinicians should act to increase autonomy & justice, aim to do good & avoid doing harm (Beauchamp & Childress, 2001). Debates re the ethics of providing, or nOIproviding, specific configurations of care at the end of life have also been developed with a central focus on autonomy. This paper repons on research examining the end-oflife care experiences of people with dementia & specifically examines the interface between dementia care & palliative careo Both palliative care & scholarship in relation to intellectual impairment have explored moving beyond autonomy. However neither approach has fully engaged with an altemative bio-ethics relevant to people with dementia. While it is agreed that a concem with autonomy might have been welcome as a part of a democratisation of service provision-as a counterforce to patemalismthere is anger that, if autonomy is seen to override other concems, it might result in inadequate care for those considered to be incapable of autonomy. The usual situation in a palliative care setting sees the likelihood that an agreed approach to care can be achieved, based on respect for the autonomy of the patient. Where a person is likely to lose the ability to communicate there is the possibility of the precedent autonomy of a living will being evoked. In contrast, with dementia we have to consider the possibility of an absence of a shared sense as to the nature of the challenge being responded to-an absence of illness insight; a break in the sense of a consistent autonomous self-that is, a person with dementia may not recognise the person they were & who made autonomous decisions as being the person they are now, & a person for whom the elevation of autonomy, of being able to make choices, is now a fiction principally serving the ethics of the staff & far removed from the person with dementia's overwhelming wish to be made to feel safe, to be cared for.
Prevailing ethical models in medicine & social care emphasise the importance of autonomy-clinicians should act to increase autonomy & justice, aim to do good & avoid doing harm (Beauchamp & Childress, 2001). Debates re the ethics of providing, or nOIproviding, specific configurations of care at the end of life have also been developed with a central focus on autonomy. This paper repons on research examining the end-oflife care experiences of people with dementia & specifically examines the interface between dementia care & palliative careo Both palliative care & scholarship in relation to intellectual impairment have explored moving beyond autonomy. However neither approach has fully engaged with an altemative bio-ethics relevant to people with dementia. While it is agreed that a concem with autonomy might have been welcome as a part of a democratisation of service provision-as a counterforce to patemalismthere is anger that, if autonomy is seen to override other concems, it might result in inadequate care for those considered to be incapable of autonomy. The usual situation in a palliative care setting sees the likelihood that an agreed approach to care can be achieved, based on respect for the autonomy of the patient. Where a person is likely to lose the ability to communicate there is the possibility of the precedent autonomy of a living will being evoked. In contrast, with dementia we have to consider the possibility of an absence of a shared sense as to the nature of the challenge being responded to-an absence of illness insight; a break in the sense of a consistent autonomous self-that is, a person with dementia may not recognise the person they were & who made autonomous decisions as being the person they are now, & a person for whom the elevation of autonomy, of being able to make choices, is now a fiction principally serving the ethics of the staff & far removed from the person with dementia's overwhelming wish to be made to feel safe, to be cared for.
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Abstract
Global Reflexivity and Cosmopolitan Dispositions: An Australian Study, lntemational Sociological Association, Durban, South Africa, (ENG)
- SkrbÃs, Zlatko, Woodward, Ian & Bean, Clive (School Social
Science, U Queensland, St Lucia, Australia)
- XVI ISA World Congress of Sociology, Durban, South Africa, 2006
This paper explores the cosmopolitan dispositions of Australians through the concept of global reflexivity. Following Savage et al. (2005) we use this concept to show how people reflect on issues that surpass the local & relate to a broader, global framework. We present data from two studies to explore these reflexivities. The first set of data comes from a large focus group study (Skrbis & Woodward 2005). We examine the extent to which the participants see themselves as conscious beneficiaries-or victims-in an increasingly interconnected world. We specifically focus on frameworks for interpreting the impacts of globalisation in economic & cultural domains. The second set of data derives from the Australian Election Study (Bean et al 2004), a representative social survey of a range of political & cultural attitudes. The study contained a cache of questions relating to globalisation, including irnmigration, dispositions towards other cultures, travel, & intemational politics & economy more broadly. The two studies provide an unprecedented insight into global reflexivity of Australians & their cosmopolitan dispositions.
This paper explores the cosmopolitan dispositions of Australians through the concept of global reflexivity. Following Savage et al. (2005) we use this concept to show how people reflect on issues that surpass the local & relate to a broader, global framework. We present data from two studies to explore these reflexivities. The first set of data comes from a large focus group study (Skrbis & Woodward 2005). We examine the extent to which the participants see themselves as conscious beneficiaries-or victims-in an increasingly interconnected world. We specifically focus on frameworks for interpreting the impacts of globalisation in economic & cultural domains. The second set of data derives from the Australian Election Study (Bean et al 2004), a representative social survey of a range of political & cultural attitudes. The study contained a cache of questions relating to globalisation, including irnmigration, dispositions towards other cultures, travel, & intemational politics & economy more broadly. The two studies provide an unprecedented insight into global reflexivity of Australians & their cosmopolitan dispositions.
This paper explores the cosmopolitan dispositions of Australians through the concept of global reflexivity. Following Savage et al. (2005) we use this concept to show how people reflect on issues that surpass the local & relate to a broader, global framework. We present data from two studies to explore these reflexivities. The first set of data comes from a large focus group study (Skrbis & Woodward 2005). We examine the extent to which the participants see themselves as conscious beneficiaries-or victims-in an increasingly interconnected world. We specifically focus on frameworks for interpreting the impacts of globalisation in economic & cultural domains. The second set of data derives from the Australian Election Study (Bean et al 2004), a representative social survey of a range of political & cultural attitudes. The study contained a cache of questions relating to globalisation, including irnmigration, dispositions towards other cultures, travel, & intemational politics & economy more broadly. The two studies provide an unprecedented insight into global reflexivity of Australians & their cosmopolitan dispositions.
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Abstract
RelÃgious Change in a Globalizing World, Intemational Sociological
Association, Durban, South Africa, (ENG)
- Srnith, Tom W. (NORC/U Chicago, lL)
- XVI ISA World Congress of Sociology, Durban, South Africa, 2006
Drawing on the Intemational Social Survey Program (ISSP) studies of religion in 1991 & 1998, this paper discusses several religious trends: (1) the revival of religion in some ex-socialist countries, (2) the increase in non-affiliation & lower church attendance in some Western countries, including the US, UK, & Scandinavia, (3) the replacement of organized religion with more informal expressions of spirituality, & (4) increases within country diversity of religion due to (a) immigration, (b) the geographic dispersion of established religions (e.g., Evangelicals in Latin America), & (e) the formation of new religions. Discussion also covers how the next ISSP Religion round in 2008 will monitor such developments.
Drawing on the Intemational Social Survey Program (ISSP) studies of religion in 1991 & 1998, this paper discusses several religious trends: (1) the revival of religion in some ex-socialist countries, (2) the increase in non-affiliation & lower church attendance in some Western countries, including the US, UK, & Scandinavia, (3) the replacement of organized religion with more informal expressions of spirituality, & (4) increases within country diversity of religion due to (a) immigration, (b) the geographic dispersion of established religions (e.g., Evangelicals in Latin America), & (e) the formation of new religions. Discussion also covers how the next ISSP Religion round in 2008 will monitor such developments.
Drawing on the Intemational Social Survey Program (ISSP) studies of religion in 1991 & 1998, this paper discusses several religious trends: (1) the revival of religion in some ex-socialist countries, (2) the increase in non-affiliation & lower church attendance in some Western countries, including the US, UK, & Scandinavia, (3) the replacement of organized religion with more informal expressions of spirituality, & (4) increases within country diversity of religion due to (a) immigration, (b) the geographic dispersion of established religions (e.g., Evangelicals in Latin America), & (e) the formation of new religions. Discussion also covers how the next ISSP Religion round in 2008 will monitor such developments.
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Abstract
New Forms ofYouth Civic Engagement
and Youth Protest Actions in Social Movements: Case of Latvia, lntemational Sociological Association, Durban, South Africa, CENG
- Snikere, Sigita & Koroleva, IIze (Instit Philosophy & Sociology,
U Latvia)
- XVI ISA World Congress of Sociology, Durban, South Africa, 2006
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Abstract
Social Involvement, Attitudes toward Surveys and Item Nonresponse, lntemational
Sociological Association, Durban, South Africa, (ENG)
- Stocké, Volker & Stark, Tobias (U Mannheim, Germany)
- XVI ISA World Congress of Sociology, Durban, South Africa, 2006
Empirical evidence suggests that the respondents' attitudes toward surveys affect how cooperative subjects are in survey contexts & thus the quality of survey data. What determines these attitudes is thus an important question. It has been argued that the respondents' feeling of citizens' duty may be relevant in this respect. We tested first whether four different aspects of the respondents' political involvement, for instance their participation in political elections, explain attitudes toward surveys. Second, we analyzed the consequences of these attitudes for the susceptibility to question refusals & 'don't knows', as two important determinants for survey data quality. Third, the consequences of a list-wise deletion of missing values for sample-selection bias have been tested. We utilized representative data from al! 10 new member states of the European Union & from three candidate states in our study. We found all aspects ofpolitical involvement to exert significant positive effects on the survey attitude & these attitudes predicted the likelihood of question refusals & of 'don't knows'. As a consequence, respondents with a positive survey attitude & with high political involvement were substantially overrepresented among subjects with complete data. The strength of this sample-selection bias varied between the analyzed countries.
Empirical evidence suggests that the respondents' attitudes toward surveys affect how cooperative subjects are in survey contexts & thus the quality of survey data. What determines these attitudes is thus an important question. It has been argued that the respondents' feeling of citizens' duty may be relevant in this respect. We tested first whether four different aspects of the respondents' political involvement, for instance their participation in political elections, explain attitudes toward surveys. Second, we analyzed the consequences of these attitudes for the susceptibility to question refusals & 'don't knows', as two important determinants for survey data quality. Third, the consequences of a list-wise deletion of missing values for sample-selection bias have been tested. We utilized representative data from al! 10 new member states of the European Union & from three candidate states in our study. We found all aspects ofpolitical involvement to exert significant positive effects on the survey attitude & these attitudes predicted the likelihood of question refusals & of 'don't knows'. As a consequence, respondents with a positive survey attitude & with high political involvement were substantially overrepresented among subjects with complete data. The strength of this sample-selection bias varied between the analyzed countries.
Empirical evidence suggests that the respondents' attitudes toward surveys affect how cooperative subjects are in survey contexts & thus the quality of survey data. What determines these attitudes is thus an important question. It has been argued that the respondents' feeling of citizens' duty may be relevant in this respect. We tested first whether four different aspects of the respondents' political involvement, for instance their participation in political elections, explain attitudes toward surveys. Second, we analyzed the consequences of these attitudes for the susceptibility to question refusals & 'don't knows', as two important determinants for survey data quality. Third, the consequences of a list-wise deletion of missing values for sample-selection bias have been tested. We utilized representative data from al! 10 new member states of the European Union & from three candidate states in our study. We found all aspects ofpolitical involvement to exert significant positive effects on the survey attitude & these attitudes predicted the likelihood of question refusals & of 'don't knows'. As a consequence, respondents with a positive survey attitude & with high political involvement were substantially overrepresented among subjects with complete data. The strength of this sample-selection bias varied between the analyzed countries.
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Abstract
Competing
Pressures: Predicting Population Policy Adoption in SubSaharan Africa, International Sociological Association, Durban, South Africa, (ENG)
- Sullivan, Rachel (Dept Demography, U California, Berkeley)
- XVI ISA World Congress of Sociology, Durban, South Africa, 2006
Why did pronatalist African countries adopt growth-limiting population policies? This paper uses a country-level data set I constructed for the period 1985-1999 to predict which sub-Saharan African countries adopted national population policies, & when. Using a variety of analytic techniques (geographic comparison, logistic regression, & event-history analysis), I find that: 1) geography explains part of the tirning of policy adoption, 2) politically "weaker" countries were somewhat more likely to adopt policies, & 3) countries experiencing demographic pressure were also more likely to adopt policies. I conclude that policy adoption occurred at the nexus of internal & external pressure.
Why did pronatalist African countries adopt growth-limiting population policies? This paper uses a country-level data set I constructed for the period 1985-1999 to predict which sub-Saharan African countries adopted national population policies, & when. Using a variety of analytic techniques (geographic comparison, logistic regression, & event-history analysis), I find that: 1) geography explains part of the tirning of policy adoption, 2) politically "weaker" countries were somewhat more likely to adopt policies, & 3) countries experiencing demographic pressure were also more likely to adopt policies. I conclude that policy adoption occurred at the nexus of internal & external pressure.
Why did pronatalist African countries adopt growth-limiting population policies? This paper uses a country-level data set I constructed for the period 1985-1999 to predict which sub-Saharan African countries adopted national population policies, & when. Using a variety of analytic techniques (geographic comparison, logistic regression, & event-history analysis), I find that: 1) geography explains part of the tirning of policy adoption, 2) politically "weaker" countries were somewhat more likely to adopt policies, & 3) countries experiencing demographic pressure were also more likely to adopt policies. I conclude that policy adoption occurred at the nexus of internal & external pressure.
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Abstract
More than Deficit Mapping: Sites and Sources of
Moral Capital in South Africa's Township Youth, International
Sociological Association, Durban, South Africa, (ENG)
- Swartz, Sharlene GaJe (Faculty Education, U Cambridge, Carnbridge, CB2 2PQ UK)
- XVI ISA World Congress of Sociology, Durban, South Africa, 2006
A1though receiving renewed attention the world over moral education continues to be proscribed by official, academic, professional, lay & religious discourses (Haydon, 2000) to the exclusion & negJect of youth discourses. In the context of South Africa's nascent democracy, pervasive poverty & post-apartheid legacy, & in the midst of moral panics & a government-led 'moral regeneration campaign', an ethnographic study that included the use of autophotography was undertaken in a township near Cape Town to map the sites at which 'moral capital' is located, mediated & circulated. Using an ecological framework (Bronfenbrenner & Mahoney, 1975) & borrowing from Bourdieu's analysis of social & cultural capital (Bourdieu & Passeron, 1973, 1977) this study provides important insights into how moral education ought, or ought not, to be conducted.
A1though receiving renewed attention the world over moral education continues to be proscribed by official, academic, professional, lay & religious discourses (Haydon, 2000) to the exclusion & negJect of youth discourses. In the context of South Africa's nascent democracy, pervasive poverty & post-apartheid legacy, & in the midst of moral panics & a government-led 'moral regeneration campaign', an ethnographic study that included the use of autophotography was undertaken in a township near Cape Town to map the sites at which 'moral capital' is located, mediated & circulated. Using an ecological framework (Bronfenbrenner & Mahoney, 1975) & borrowing from Bourdieu's analysis of social & cultural capital (Bourdieu & Passeron, 1973, 1977) this study provides important insights into how moral education ought, or ought not, to be conducted.
A1though receiving renewed attention the world over moral education continues to be proscribed by official, academic, professional, lay & religious discourses (Haydon, 2000) to the exclusion & negJect of youth discourses. In the context of South Africa's nascent democracy, pervasive poverty & post-apartheid legacy, & in the midst of moral panics & a government-led 'moral regeneration campaign', an ethnographic study that included the use of autophotography was undertaken in a township near Cape Town to map the sites at which 'moral capital' is located, mediated & circulated. Using an ecological framework (Bronfenbrenner & Mahoney, 1975) & borrowing from Bourdieu's analysis of social & cultural capital (Bourdieu & Passeron, 1973, 1977) this study provides important insights into how moral education ought, or ought not, to be conducted.
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Abstract
Cultivating Self as Responsive Instrument: Working the Boundaries and Borderlands for Ethical Border Crossings, lnternational Sociological Association, Durban, South
Africa, (ENG)
- Symonette, Hazel Louise (U Wisconsin System Administration,
Office Academic Diversity & Development, Madison)
- XVI ISA World Congress of Sociology, Durban, South Africa, 2006
Culture & context are critical shapers of social research processes, interpretations & judgments. Ethical practice & excellence in research are intimately intertwined with orientations toward & responsiveness to diversity-most importantly, one's boundary-spanning capacities for authentically engaging diversity. Diversity includes those consequential dimensions of human difference that have socially patterned influences on interpersonal relations & the nature of the interface with organizations, institutions & other aspects of social structure. More specifically, diversity includes salient dimensions of human differences that make a substantive difference in access, process or success. Engaging these issues is a lifelong process that calls for continuous personal homework regarding one's lenses, filters & frames because cultures & contexts are dynamic & everchanging. In this paper, I will explore the role of the self in research: how our most valuable instrument may be cultivated & calibrated, how empathy may be gained, & how responsively self-aware practice calls for extensive cultural & contextual groundings. Researchers need to embrace these considerations as an essential professional development pathway for excellence while honoring their ethical responsibility to proactively assess & address the ways in which their perceptual & interpretive lenses, filters & frames may ignore, obscure or distort more than illuminate.
Culture & context are critical shapers of social research processes, interpretations & judgments. Ethical practice & excellence in research are intimately intertwined with orientations toward & responsiveness to diversity-most importantly, one's boundary-spanning capacities for authentically engaging diversity. Diversity includes those consequential dimensions of human difference that have socially patterned influences on interpersonal relations & the nature of the interface with organizations, institutions & other aspects of social structure. More specifically, diversity includes salient dimensions of human differences that make a substantive difference in access, process or success. Engaging these issues is a lifelong process that calls for continuous personal homework regarding one's lenses, filters & frames because cultures & contexts are dynamic & everchanging. In this paper, I will explore the role of the self in research: how our most valuable instrument may be cultivated & calibrated, how empathy may be gained, & how responsively self-aware practice calls for extensive cultural & contextual groundings. Researchers need to embrace these considerations as an essential professional development pathway for excellence while honoring their ethical responsibility to proactively assess & address the ways in which their perceptual & interpretive lenses, filters & frames may ignore, obscure or distort more than illuminate.
Culture & context are critical shapers of social research processes, interpretations & judgments. Ethical practice & excellence in research are intimately intertwined with orientations toward & responsiveness to diversity-most importantly, one's boundary-spanning capacities for authentically engaging diversity. Diversity includes those consequential dimensions of human difference that have socially patterned influences on interpersonal relations & the nature of the interface with organizations, institutions & other aspects of social structure. More specifically, diversity includes salient dimensions of human differences that make a substantive difference in access, process or success. Engaging these issues is a lifelong process that calls for continuous personal homework regarding one's lenses, filters & frames because cultures & contexts are dynamic & everchanging. In this paper, I will explore the role of the self in research: how our most valuable instrument may be cultivated & calibrated, how empathy may be gained, & how responsively self-aware practice calls for extensive cultural & contextual groundings. Researchers need to embrace these considerations as an essential professional development pathway for excellence while honoring their ethical responsibility to proactively assess & address the ways in which their perceptual & interpretive lenses, filters & frames may ignore, obscure or distort more than illuminate.
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Abstract
Testing Theories of National Identity: A Multilevel Approach, Intemational
Sociological Association, Durban, South Africa, (ENG)
- Tilley, James, Heath, Anthony & Ford, Robert (Dept Politics &
International Relations, U Oxford, UK OXl 3UQ)
- XVI ISA World Congress of Sociology, Durban, South Africa, 2006
his paper is an investigation of how citizens from across the world form their national identities. Using data from the ISSP (1995 & 2003 covering over 30 countries) we show that whilst the classic distinction between ethnic & civic conceptions of nationality is a real one, there are few citizens, of any country, with solely ethnic identities. Rather there appear to be two main groups: those that consider both ethnic & civic factors as important in defining nationality, & those that consider only civic considerations as most important. The proportions of people in each of these categories vary widely by country however. This is to be expected, since theories of nationalism predict that historie country/ethnic factors are responsible for the strength & type of nationalism in that nation. Although predicted, this is rarely tested. Here we explicitly test what country level factors affect national identities. Moreover given that most theories of nationalism emphasize that current forces are much weaker than historie forces, we use predictors that are measured at both national foundation date & measured now. As we also expect individual level factors to be important, such as education & religion, we use multi-Ievel modelling techniques to predict individuals' national identity type using both individuallevel factors & factors that vary at the country leve\. We find that theories of nationalism that rely on economic factors 10 explain how nationalism develops are broadly supported by the data. Wealth, both at national foundation & today, tends to promote a more civic form of nationalism.
his paper is an investigation of how citizens from across the world form their national identities. Using data from the ISSP (1995 & 2003 covering over 30 countries) we show that whilst the classic distinction between ethnic & civic conceptions of nationality is a real one, there are few citizens, of any country, with solely ethnic identities. Rather there appear to be two main groups: those that consider both ethnic & civic factors as important in defining nationality, & those that consider only civic considerations as most important. The proportions of people in each of these categories vary widely by country however. This is to be expected, since theories of nationalism predict that historie country/ethnic factors are responsible for the strength & type of nationalism in that nation. Although predicted, this is rarely tested. Here we explicitly test what country level factors affect national identities. Moreover given that most theories of nationalism emphasize that current forces are much weaker than historie forces, we use predictors that are measured at both national foundation date & measured now. As we also expect individual level factors to be important, such as education & religion, we use multi-Ievel modelling techniques to predict individuals' national identity type using both individuallevel factors & factors that vary at the country leve\. We find that theories of nationalism that rely on economic factors 10 explain how nationalism develops are broadly supported by the data. Wealth, both at national foundation & today, tends to promote a more civic form of nationalism.
his paper is an investigation of how citizens from across the world form their national identities. Using data from the ISSP (1995 & 2003 covering over 30 countries) we show that whilst the classic distinction between ethnic & civic conceptions of nationality is a real one, there are few citizens, of any country, with solely ethnic identities. Rather there appear to be two main groups: those that consider both ethnic & civic factors as important in defining nationality, & those that consider only civic considerations as most important. The proportions of people in each of these categories vary widely by country however. This is to be expected, since theories of nationalism predict that historie country/ethnic factors are responsible for the strength & type of nationalism in that nation. Although predicted, this is rarely tested. Here we explicitly test what country level factors affect national identities. Moreover given that most theories of nationalism emphasize that current forces are much weaker than historie forces, we use predictors that are measured at both national foundation date & measured now. As we also expect individual level factors to be important, such as education & religion, we use multi-Ievel modelling techniques to predict individuals' national identity type using both individuallevel factors & factors that vary at the country leve\. We find that theories of nationalism that rely on economic factors 10 explain how nationalism develops are broadly supported by the data. Wealth, both at national foundation & today, tends to promote a more civic form of nationalism.
